In the insulin resistance state, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia act by increasing the expression of transcriptional factors (SREBP-1c and ChREBP) involved in the expression of lipogenic genes, which stimulate hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL), including sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) (7). The gene discussed is SREBF1; the disease is hyperinsulinism.