ALB and kidney failure: Clinically, they exhibited higher HbA1c (7.7 ± 1.7% vs. 6.7 ± 1.4%), UACR (254 ± 1,054 vs. 65 ± 348 mg/g), longer diabetes duration ≥ 10 years (74.8% vs. 52.1%), and greater renal failure prevalence (9.3% vs. 4.9%), but lower DBP (66.7 ± 14.6 vs. 71.1 ± 14.0 mmHg), serum albumin (4.1 ± 0.4 vs. 4.2 ± 0.3 g/dL), and HRR (10.5 ± 1.7 vs. 11.0 ± 1.7).