NR3C2 and adrenal cortex adenoma: PA is predominantly classified into APA and IHA, with APA patients typically exhibiting unilateral adrenal adenomas and more severe renal injury (29)—a pathology directly linked to hyperaldosteronism-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis, and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)-mediated dysregulation of tubular sodium-potassium exchange, culminating in hypokalemia and tubular dysfunction.