MAPT and heart failure: EVs also showed promising results in detection of neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer disease) as they had increased levels of tau proteins, contributed to the diagnosis of cardiac diseases (cardiac fibrosis, ischemic heart disease, heart failure and others) with increased levels of miR-133a, miR-499, miR-199a, pregnancy disorders with higher numbers of circulating EVs in preeclamptic and eclamptic women (Ciferri et al., 2021; Liu et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2022; Smith and Russell, 2022).