The combined blocking exhibited a more significant anti-tumor effect than a single antibody blockade in mice with hepatocellular carcinoma through increased production of T cell effector cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α) and TILs, decreased levels of immunosuppressive cytokines (IL-10 and IL-6), and the amounts of PD-1+TIM-3+CD8+ T cells within the TME, which are related to tumor immune evasion 124. Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.