The accumulation of protein aggregates and consequent increase in inflammation results in the release of inflammatory mediators, including several alarmins (Li et al., 2011), such as Ca2+-binding S100B protein (Mrak, 2001; Donato et al., 2009), which is upregulated in AD (Marshak et al., 1992) and is known to contribute to the late neuroinflammatory response (Cuello, 2017; Hagmeyer et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene S100B and Alzheimer disease.