utilized FMT in a mouse model of gut microbiota depletion and demonstrated that lung bacterial counts, as well as levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), returned to normal levels in FMT-colonized mice within six hours following pneumococcal infection (Schuijt et al., 2016). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is pneumococcal infection.