Microbiota-driven ACh dysregulation is validated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) models: Dysbiosis-induced choline deficiency is reversed by cytidine diphosphate (CDP)-choline supplementation, which upregulates choline transporter (ChT1), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) expression to restore neurotransmission (Guo et al., 2023a). Here, CHRNA7 is linked to irritable bowel syndrome.