AML patients with FLT3-ITD mutations have increased numbers of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, which predominantly exhibit effector memory or terminally differentiated phenotypes (35), indicating high activation but also signs of aging and exhaustion, characterized by upregulated PD-1 and downregulated CD161 expression (49). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.