TBX21 and tuberculosis: In the GSE28623 cohort, combined CD39 and TBX21 signature achieved an AUC of 0.8829 (95% CI: 0.8196-0.9462, p < 0.0001) for discriminating TB from TBI and HC, significantly outperforming CD39 alone (AUC = 0.6886) or TBX21 alone (AUC = 0.7686, p < 0.0001) (Figure 3E).