Immunotherapy (IO), particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, has shown remarkable efficacy in advanced NSCLC, as monotherapy and in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy.5, , –8 In recent years, the potential of immunotherapy in earlier stage, rNSCLC has garnered attention. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.