A meta-analysis by Li et al., involving 13 studies and 756 patients, found that obese adolescents with PCOS had higher levels of total and free testosterone, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, fasting glucose, leptin, and lipid profile abnormalities, alongside lower SHBG levels, compared to normal-weight PCOS patients. This evidence concerns the gene INS and polycystic ovary syndrome.