TSC1 and acne: In contrast, the upregulation of DEP TSC1 may have potential beneficial effects on acne, as it can inhibit mTORC1 (Bovari-Biri et al., 2023), whose excessive activation promotes sebum production,abnormal keratinization of sebaceous gland, and enhances the local inflammatory response by upregulating the NF-κB pathway and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Melnik, 2021; Melnik and Zouboulis, 2013; Miao et al., 2023).