NLRP3 and viral pneumonia: In summary, these natural products achieve multi-level comprehensive intervention in viral pneumonia models, from inhibiting viral replication and alleviating the release of inflammatory factors to regulating oxidative stress and tissue protection, by synergistically inhibiting PI3K/Akt and its cross-signaling axes, such as Nrf2, NF-κB, NLRP3, establishing a natural drug action mechanism centered on “integrated regulation of signaling pathways”, providing theoretical support for the subsequent development of multi-target anti-inflammatory and antiviral drugs.