For instance, during early influenza infection, TLR7/RIG-I signaling and M2 ion channel activity cooperatively promote potassium ion efflux and mtROS generation, activating NLRP3 to enhance IL-1β/IL-18 release (Ichinohe et al., 2010; Effendi and Nagano, 2021). The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is influenza.