This article reviews the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway, etc., involved in the pathological process of viral pneumonia. Here, NFKB1 is linked to viral pneumonia.