For instance, in a 3D co-culture of autologous immune cells with PD-L1+ gastric cancer organoids, unresponsiveness to anti-PD-1 therapy was observed in the presence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs); conversely, MDSC depletion enhanced anti-PD-1 mediated organoid killing (35). Here, CD274 is linked to gastric cancer.