Additionally, PPARD activation driven by metabolic stress and signals from tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has been shown to increase epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and enhance cancer cell invasiveness in in vitro and in vivo models (31); furthermore, PPARD activation by GOT2 regulation in in vitro models has been linked to tumor progression and immune suppression (10). This evidence concerns the gene PPARD and neoplasm.