PPARA and cancer: PPAR agonists such as thiazolidinediones (TZDs) have been explored for their anti-tumor effects in various cancer types (40, 41); however, the clinical use for PC treatment did not yield successful results in clinical trials (42), maybe due to drug regimen which has been optimized for type-2 diabetes indication or to alternative nongenomic mechanisms described for this multifunctional receptor (43).