This review aims to summarize the biological characteristics of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a key component of innate immune responses, and delve into its role in several common inflammation-related gastrointestinal diseases, such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, pancreatitis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and ulcerative colitis.