MAPK1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Urinary metabolomics investigations have revealed that Huanglian decoction modulates glyoxylate and dicarboxylic acid metabolism through upregulation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), insulin receptor (INSR), and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) levels, thereby exhibiting therapeutic effects against T2DM [22].