BRAF and neoplasm: Additionally, the high-frequency coexisting mutations of BRAFV600E and pTERT in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) and melanoma are strongly associated with high tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging 16, poor patient survival 17, increased risk of recurrence and limited therapies 18-20, suggesting the synergistic effect between BRAF and TERT on tumorigenesis.