KRAS and non-small cell lung carcinoma: 2. The prognosis for patients with metastatic NSCLC remains poor, with a five-year overall survival (OS) rate of only 6% 3. Recent advances in molecular biology have identified key genetic drivers in NSCLC include alterations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and Kirsten rat sarcoma proto-oncogene (KRAS), present in approximately 17% and 25-30% of the cases, respectively. Despite this advancement and available drugs developed to target EGFR or KRAS mutations, clinical outcomes have remained unsatisfactory 4.