Loss of PTEN with subsequent activation of Akt is correlated with a high Gleason score and a high number of MDSCs and lower CD8+ T-cell abundance in CRPC bone metastasis, especially in PTEN-null PCa 13,14, and is greater than that of other infiltrating immune cell subsets in the mCRPC microenvironment, especially in PTEN null PCa 15-17. Here, PTEN is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.