TNF and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: The qPCR results showed that pro-inflammatory markers, including TNF-α (Figure 3G), IL-1β (Figure 3H), IL-6 (Figure 3I), and CXCL10 (Figure 3J) mRNA, were significantly upregulated in the cortex of YAPGFAP-CKO ALS mice, whereas the mRNA of anti-inflammatory marker CD206 (Figure 3K) was significantly downregulated.