CD274 and neoplasm: Strategies such as PEGylation 56 or functionalization with tumor-specific ligands (e.g., PD-L1-targeting peptides 57-59) could improve tumor specificity and circulation time, whereas immune-evasive coatings, such as macrophage-derived membranes, may reduce clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) and increase bioavailability 60-62.