NLRP3 and neoplasm: The results from Figure 3D and 3E reveal that while NLRP3 deficiency markedly attenuated chitosan's antitumor efficacy, residual tumor reduction persisted, and crucially, ROS inhibition via NAC failed to suppress chitosan-induced IL-1β production (Supplemental Figure S5F), collectively suggesting complementary mechanisms beyond NLRP3.