TNF and Sepsis: Electrochemical biosensors have shown promise for the early detection of sepsis by monitoring biomarkers such as TNF-α, IL-6, and miR-155 in LPS-induced murine models.64 A rapid electroanalytical device (READ) sensor, which combines a single-use chip with a portable reader, has been used to differentiate septic from nonseptic samples via inflammatory biomarker detection.16 Electrochemical genosensors targeting specific 16S rRNA gene fragments are also being explored for rapid and precise diagnosis of bacterial infections causing sepsis.64