Additionally, since the results from OspA and OspCtreatmentshowedan apparent trend in APP accumulation compared to the strong cellularresponse induced by HSV-1 infection, we investigated whether OspAand OspC treatments stimulated the secretion of Aβ40 and Aβ42peptides, which were shown to exhibit antimicrobial activity in in vivo and in vitro models., We also evaluated the ratio of Aβ42/40 in the secreted neuronalcultures, as it serves as an indicator of ongoing AD-like pathologyin in vitro neuronal models, as previously shownby us and others and reviewed in ref . This evidence concerns the gene APP and Alzheimer disease.