LSMEM1 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: For example, it is upregulated in colorectal cancer and pancreatic ductal carcinoma.[32, 33, 34, 35] Studies have also shown that in patients with systemic sclerosis who develop pulmonary hypertension, patients with osteoarthritis, and cells infected with Cryptococcus neoformans H99 and Cryptococcus gattii R265, LSMEM1 is differentially enriched.[36, 37, 38] These studies suggest that LSMEM1 may be involved in complex regulatory systems such as intercellular signal transduction or cytokine interactions due to its unique molecular structure.