LCN2 and interstitial nephritis: Similar to protective proteins like Nrf2—which is elevated in UUO models and human tubulointerstitial nephritis, with knockout worsening tubular damage and fibrosis[40] —or NGAL, whose deficiency aggravates diabetic kidney injury by increasing oxidative stress and fibrosis.[41] we propose that LSMEM1 may act as a renal protective factor.