CXCR4 and renal fibrosis: Indeed, activation of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis has been shown to contribute to inflammation in both the heart and kidney in DOCA-salt-induced hypertension models, while inhibition of CXCR4 with AMD3465 resulted in improvement of myocardial fibrosis, renal fibrosis, and left ventricular remodeling, besides reduction of BP when DOCA-salt rats were treated with AMD3465 [91].