INS and gestational diabetes: The risk factors of gestational diabetes recurrence are advanced maternal age, obesity, insulin use, a family history of diabetes, weight gain of >6.8 kg between their first and second pregnancies, an interpregnancy interval of <24 months, and a high postprandial blood sugar level after OGTT in the first pregnancy.[16,19–23] Parity is also a risk factor for diabetes recurrence, with multiparity reportedly increasing it 3.5- to 4-fold compared with primiparity[11]; this is because insulin resistance reduces pancreatic cell function and β-cell reserve decreases with repeated pregnancies.[24,25]