In contrast, ST6GAL1 and MAP4K1 were negatively correlated with M2 macrophages, as presented in Fig. 8C. These findings suggest that genes like HLA-DPA1, ADCY7, and SEMA3C may contribute to the development and progression of RA by modulating neutrophil and macrophage functions. Here, ADCY7 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.