TNF and muscular dystrophy: IL-10 secreted by ASCs induces anti-inflammatory genes such as suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) and Arginase 1 (Arg-1), inhibits nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling, and promotes macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype, reducing TNF-α and IL-1β production. Moreover, several factors secreted by ASCs have been reported to exert therapeutic effects in muscular dystrophy.