TNF and Alzheimer disease: Neuroinflammation, marked by elevated interleukins (IL-1, IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α), and nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 (NF-kB1), is a central feature of AD; it is frequently found in postmortem AD brains [3–5], often preceding Aβ and tau pathology [6].