In contrast, only 5 genes were differentially expressed (DKK1, RNA5S12, RNA5S16, SLC12A8, SNORD3C) between tumours with the highest and lowest NLR values (Fig. 3F), therefore variations of the peripheral NLR values were unable to be used to determine different subtypes of tumoural processes with potential clinical relevance. This evidence concerns the gene DKK1 and neoplasm.