Future studies need to focus on translational applications, such as personalized therapeutic strategies based on patients’ Siglec-5 expression levels, or designing bispecific antibodies to block both Siglec-5 and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways, with the aim of breaking through the bottleneck of drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.