In metastatic breast cancer, higher regulon activities of transcription factors, including HOXC13, GATA2, IRF9, MLX, CREB3L4, NFATC4, STAT1, HTATIP2, USF1, and CREB3, which have been associated in prior studies with diverse biological processes relevant to cancer progression49–53. This evidence concerns the gene USF1 and cancer.