The estimated force of infection (FOI) for P. falciparum ranged from 0.07 (95% CI 0.06–0.08) for CSP to 0.09 per year (95% CI 0.08–0.10) for PfGLURPR2 implying on average that 7–9% (i.e., 1-exp(-FOI)) of seronegative individuals seroconverted each year (Supplementary Fig. 9). The gene discussed is DNAJC5; the disease is infection.