In vitro data suggest that the viral replication complexes of HNVs can recognise each other’s replication and transcription promotors.31, 32, 33 We found that NiV-M-derived DIPs mediated NiV-B inhibition in vitro and a single prophylactic NiV-M-derived DIP treatment given 3 days prior to NiV-B challenge in hamsters resulted in increased chances of both survival and asymptomatic infection. Here, PPIB is linked to infection.