A single-center phase II study published by Amaria et al. randomized patients with resectable stage IIIB-IV BRAF-mutated melanoma to undergo upfront surgery and adjuvant BRAF-targeted therapy versus 8 weeks of neoadjuvant BRAF/MEK-targeted therapy followed by surgical resection and a further 44 weeks of adjuvant therapy to complete 1 year. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is melanoma.