To further elucidate whether SjLLPi1 directly influences the number of parasite in the skin stage, following the method described in previous studies [9,38], we infected mice with cercariae treated with anti-SjLLPi1 monoclonal antibody, mice infected with cercariae treated with either mouse IgG or anti-HSP60 monoclonal antibody were used as controls, skin samples from the infection site were collected 30 min later to quantify the number of larvae (Fig 7A). This evidence concerns the gene HSPD1 and infection.