CDK9 inhibitors repress the SIRT1-FOXO3-BNIP3 axis and the PINK1-PRKN pathway, thereby inhibiting mitophagy initiation and promoting mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocellular carcinoma, which disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis and induces apoptosis [47]. Here, BNIP3 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.