Compared to a baseline model, which included age, family history of dementia, education level, smoking status, history of depression or regular antidepressant drug use and the MedDiet index, adding APOE4 and ADRD PRS to Cox model moderately improved the performance for predicting dementia risk (Fig. 4a; average AUC improved from 0.75 to 0.77). This evidence concerns the gene APOE and dementia.