NFKB1 and Immunodeficiency: In Drosophila, the role of miRNAs in immunity has largely focused on the two evolutionarily conserved Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathways, Toll and Immune deficiency (IMD), which function similarly to mammalian Toll-like receptor/interleukin (IL)-1 receptor pathways and tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) pathway, respectively [14,31].