For instance, GAS5 acts as a protective factor in SA-AKI by inhibiting pyroptosis via the miR-579-3p/SIRT1 pathway, yet it promotes apoptosis in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-AKI through the miR-21/TSP-1 pathway (Ling et al., 2021; Geng et al., 2020). Here, GAS5 is linked to acute kidney injury.