The antiviral activityobserved even when piperine was administeredafter viral infection suggests a potential action at later stagesof the viral replication cycle, such as inhibition of viral RNA synthesis,interference with viral protein translation, or disruption of virionassembly., Notably, Pareek et al. demonstrated thatpiperine effectively inhibits viral replication by binding to theRNA-dependent RNA polymerase (nsP4), with low micromolar EC50 values and high affinity in SPR assays. The gene discussed is PRSS57; the disease is viral infectious disease.