IL1B and osteosarcoma: In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), TAMs can release deoxycytidine, which inhibits gemcitabine at the level of drug uptake and metabolism through molecular competition, leading to resistance to gemcitabine in PDA.117 Similarly, TAMs can secrete large amounts of IL-1β under stimulation with cisplatin (CDDP), a neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic agent for osteosarcoma, which reduces osteosarcoma cell sensitivity to CDDP and leads to drug resistance.118 Therefore, TAM-mediated tumor cell resistance may be an important reason for the stagnation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.119