AHR has been demonstrated to exhibit high expression and activity in multiple cancer types.250 Furthermore, AHR enhances CCR2 expression, thereby promoting TAM recruitment.251 Additionally, the TLR9-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway is activated during cytosolic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) stress, leading to the production of CCL2. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and cancer.