The expression of GREM1, PD-L1, CD206, and CD8 was detected in paraffin-embedded tumor tissues and adjacent tissues of NSCLC patients (n = 30), and the enhancement of the expression of GREM1, PD-L1, and CD206, as well as the attenuation of the expression of CD8 were observed in tumor tissues (Fig. 4F-I). Here, MRC1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.