Moreover, the proportion of collagen type XI alpha 1 chain-positive (COL11A1+) cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) was significantly higher in LUAD from non-responders than in responders to neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy and non-responders showed an increase in monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells in post-treatment surgical samples compared to baseline biopsies [117]. Here, COL11A1 is linked to cancer.