ACAA1 and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: ACAA1 levels were minimal in normal pancreatic tissue but increased to 1.2-fold, 2.4-fold, and 2-fold during acinar-ductal epithelial degeneration (ADM), pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) stages, respectively, showing a progressive rise during tumor development.