HPGDS and hepatocellular carcinoma: In summary, we found for the first time that female mice have a high incidence of HCC, rapid tumor formation and rapid development in a hydrodynamic transfection mice HCC model, which may be due to the decreased expression of GSTs in female HCC mice model, along with the increased content of glutamate, which promotes the malignant progression of HCC (Fig. 8).