The results indicate that all 20 genes with the most significant differential expression in the cell cycle pathway (Ccna2, Mcm5, Espl1, Bub1, Bub1b, Cdc6, Cdc25c, Ccne2, Mad2l1, Plk1, Ttk, Mcm6, Ccnb1, Mcm2, Pkmyt1, Rbl1, Ccne1, Cdk1, Ccnb2, Mcm3) are markedly overexpressed in HCC patients (Fig. 3E). Here, MAD2L1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.