GSTM1 and neurodegenerative disease: H2O2 significantly contributes to neurodegenerative diseases,12,17,21 exacerbating protein aggregation and impairing Aβ clearance.49 Traditional small-molecule antioxidants have failed to alleviate oxidative stress in vivo because of poor brain compatibility, high dosage requirements, and high reactivity, limiting their clinical use.17,21 Hence, KDS12025 is the first-in-class drug candidate that enhances the H2O2-decomposing pseudoperoxidase activity of Hb without directly scavenging H2O2, suggesting a new therapeutic approach.