EPO and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: In support of this, erythropoietin, a hematopoietic cytokine that upregulates Hb in red blood cells, has been suggested to exert protective effects in AD and PD61,62 and delay disease onset in ALS.63 Moreover, our experiments revealed that LPS-induced systemic inflammation significantly increased blood H2O2 levels and that KDS12025 treatment effectively decreased this inflammation-induced increase in H2O2 levels (Supplementary Fig. 20q, r).